Topics

1. Blood and circulation
   1. Blood corpuscles
   2. Haemopoiesis and formed elements
   3. Plasma function
   4. Blood volume
   5. Blood volume regulation
   6. Blood groups
   7. Haemoglobin
   8. Immunity
   9. Haemostasis
2. Cardiovascular System
   1. Comparative anatomy of heart structure
   2. Myogenic heart
   3. Specialized tissue
   4. ECG
      1. Principle
      2. Significance
   5. Cardiac cycle
   6. Heart as a pump
   7. Blood pressure
   8. Neural and chemical regulation of all above.
3. Respiratory system
   1. Comparison of respiration in different species
   2. Anatomical considerations
   3. Transport of gases
   4. Exchange of gases
   5. Waste elimination
   6. Neural and chemical regulation of respiration.
4. Nervous system
   1. Neurons
   2. Action potential
   3. Gross neuroanatomy of the brain and spinal cord
   4. Central and peripheral nervous system
   5. Neural control of muscle tone and posture.
5. Sense organs
   1. Vision
   2. Hearing
   3. Tactile response
6. Excretory system
   1. Comparative physiology of excretion
   2. Kidney
   3. Urine formation
   4. Urine concentration
   5. Waste elimination
   6. Micturition
   7. Regulation of
      1. Water balance
      2. Blood volume
      3. Blood pressure
      4. Electrolyte balance
      5. Acid-base balance
7. Thermoregulation
   1. Comfort zone
   2. Body temperature regulation
      1. Physical
      2. Chemical
      3. Neural
   3. Acclimatization
8. Stress and adaptation
9. Digestive system
   1. Digestion
   2. Absorption
   3. Energy balance
   4. BMR
10. Endocrinology and reproduction
    1. Endocrine glands
    2. Basic mechanism of hormone action
    3. Hormones and diseases
    4. Reproductive processes
    5. Neuroendocrine regulation